What is the primary function of a shell-and-tube condenser?

The primary function of a shell-and-tube condenser is to remove heat from a vapor and condense it into a liquid by transferring that heat to a cooling medium, typically water or another liquid.

How it works (core function)

• Hot refrigerant or process vapor flows through either the shell or the tubes.

• Cooling water flows on the opposite side.

• Heat is transferred through the tube walls.

• The vapor rejects latent heat and condenses into liquid.

What this achieves

• Converts vapor to liquid for reuse in a refrigeration or process cycle

• Maintains system pressure and stability

• Enables continuous operation of compressors, turbines, or process equipment

Typical applications

• Refrigeration and HVAC systems

• Power plants (steam condensers)

• Chemical and petrochemical processes

• Oil & gas and refinery systems

• Industrial chillers and heat pump systems

Why shell-and-tube design is used

• High heat transfer efficiency

• Handles high pressure and high temperature

• Suitable for large thermal loads

• Robust, long service life

• Easy mechanical cleaning on the tube side